Eastern Arabic Numerals

A positional numeral system using Arabic-Indic digits

About Eastern Arabic Numerals

Eastern Arabic numerals, also known as Arabic-Indic numerals, are the symbols used to represent numbers in Arabic script. These numerals are used throughout the Arab world and in many other regions that use Arabic script, including Persian, Urdu, and Pashto.

The system is a positional decimal (base-10) numeral system, similar to Western Arabic numerals (0-9), but with distinct visual symbols. Numbers are written from left to right, with each digit's position determining its value. The system originated in India and was later adopted and modified by Arabic mathematicians.

Key Features:

  • Uses 10 distinct symbols (0-9) in Arabic-Indic script.
  • Positional notation system where each digit's position determines its value.
  • Read from left to right, with the rightmost digit representing ones, next representing tens, and so on.
  • Different from Western Arabic numerals (0-9) but functionally equivalent.
  • Used in Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Pashto, and other languages using Arabic script.
  • Historically significant as the numeral system that spread to Europe and became the basis for modern Western numerals.

Further Reading:

Eastern Arabic Numeral Table

Digits (0-9)

Value Eastern Arabic Numeral Western Arabic Numeral Arabic Name Transliteration
0٠0صفرṣifr
1١1واحدwāḥid
2٢2اثنانithnān
3٣3ثلاثةthalāthah
4٤4أربعةarbaʿah
5٥5خمسةkhamsah
6٦6ستةsittah
7٧7سبعةsabʿah
8٨8ثمانيةthamāniyah
9٩9تسعةtisʿah

Examples of Numbers:

Value Eastern Arabic Numeral
12 ١٢
85 ٨٥
153 ١٥٣
999 ٩٩٩
1234 ١٢٣٤
12345 ١٢٣٤٥
54321 ٥٤٣٢١

Larger Numbers:

Value Eastern Arabic Numeral
1000 ١٠٠٠
2000 ٢٠٠٠
5000 ٥٠٠٠
10000 ١٠٠٠٠
50000 ٥٠٠٠٠
100000 ١٠٠٠٠٠
1000000 ١٠٠٠٠٠٠