Chinese Numerals

A traditional numeral system using Chinese characters

About Chinese Numerals

Chinese numerals are characters used to write numbers in Chinese. The system uses traditional Chinese characters to represent numbers and follows specific rules for combining them. This system is still widely used in modern Chinese writing, alongside Arabic numerals.

The Chinese numeral system is a decimal (base-10) positional system that uses characters for digits 1-9, multipliers for powers of 10 (十 for 10, 百 for 100, 千 for 1000, 万 for 10,000), and 零 (zero) as a placeholder. Numbers are read from left to right, with each character representing either a digit or a power of 10.

Key Features:

  • Uses traditional Chinese characters for digits 1-9: 一, 二, 三, 四, 五, 六, 七, 八, 九.
  • Decimal (base-10) positional system with multipliers: 十 (10), 百 (100), 千 (1000), 万 (10,000).
  • Uses 零 (zero) as a placeholder when a place value is empty.
  • Special rule: 一 (one) is often omitted before 十 (ten) for numbers 10-19.
  • Read from left to right, with each character representing a digit or multiplier.
  • Still used in formal writing, financial documents, and traditional contexts in modern China.
  • Can represent very large numbers by combining multipliers (e.g., 万 for 10,000, 十万 for 100,000).

Formation Rules:

  • Digits 1-9 are written with their character equivalents.
  • Multipliers (十, 百, 千, 万) follow the digit they multiply.
  • When a place value is zero, 零 (zero) is inserted as a placeholder.
  • For numbers 10-19, 一 before 十 is usually omitted (e.g., 十二 for 12, not 一十二).
  • Multiple consecutive zeros are simplified to a single 零.
  • Trailing zeros are omitted (e.g., 一百 for 100, not 一百零).

Further Reading:

Chinese Numeral Table

Basic Digits (1-9)

Value Chinese Character Pinyin Pronunciation
1ee
2èrer
3sānsahn
4suh
5woo
6liùlyoh
7chee
8bah
9jiǔjyoh

Multipliers (Powers of 10)

Value Chinese Character Pinyin Usage
10shíTens
100bǎiHundreds
1000qiānThousands
10000wànTen thousands
0língZero placeholder

Examples of Numbers:

Value Chinese Numeral Breakdown
12 十二 Ten + ones (一 omitted before 十)
85 八十五 Tens + ones
153 一百五十三 Hundreds + tens + ones
999 九百九十九 Hundreds + tens + ones
1234 一千二百三十四 Multiple place values
12345 一万二千三百四十五 Multiple place values
54321 五万四千三百二十一 Multiple place values

Special Cases and Rules:

Value Chinese Numeral Rule Demonstrated
10 一十 十 (omits 一 before 十)
11 十一 十 + 一 (not 一十 一)
100 一百 一 + 百 (no trailing zero)
101 一百零一 一 + 百 + 零 + 一 (zero placeholder)
1000 一千 一 + 千
10000 一万 一 + 万 (ten thousands)

Larger Numbers:

Value Chinese Numeral
1000 一千
2000 二千
5000 五千
10000 一万
20000 二万
50000 五万
100000 一十
1000000 一百万